{"id":14593,"date":"2025-11-21T17:36:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T17:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fitb.itb.ac.id\/?p=14593"},"modified":"2025-11-21T17:41:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T17:41:10","slug":"erupsi-freatik-semeru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/erupsi-freatik-semeru\/","title":{"rendered":"Pelajaran dari Erupsi Gunung Semeru: Air, Uap Panas, dan Bahaya yang Mengintai"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span style=\"font-size: 23pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Pelajaran dari Erupsi Gunung Semeru: Air, Uap Panas, dan Bahaya yang Mengintai<\/span><\/h1>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Oleh: Dr. Eng. Asep Saepuloh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Gunung Semeru, puncak tertinggi di Pulau Jawa, kembali mengingatkan kita akan kekuatan alam yang tak terduga. Pada <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">19 November 2025<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">, Semeru meletus dahsyat dengan <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">awan panas guguran meluncur sejauh 13 km<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\"> ke arah tenggara dan selatan. Kolom abu membumbung hingga <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">2.000 meter di atas puncak<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">, memaksa status dinaikkan ke <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Level IV (Awas)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\"> dan ratusan warga serta pendaki dievakuasi. Peristiwa ini menambah panjang daftar erupsi Semeru yang hampir selalu berulang setiap tahun, terutama saat <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">musim hujan bulan Desember<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\u2014seperti tragedi besar <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Desember 2021<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">, erupsi <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Desember 2022<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">, aktivitas tinggi <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Desember 2023<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">, dan <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Desember 2024<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 18pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 17pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Pola Letusan yang Berulang di Musim Hujan<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Hujan lebat di daerah tropis seperti Indonesia punya peran penting. Air hujan yang meresap ke dalam gunung bisa memicu <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">erupsi freatik<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\u2014yaitu ledakan uap air yang terjadi ketika air bertemu dengan batuan panas di bawah permukaan gunung.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Ada tiga jenis erupsi gunung api:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Erupsi freatik<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">: Ledakan uap air saja, tanpa magma keluar. Biasanya kecil dan hanya berdampak di sekitar kawah.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Erupsi magmatik<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">: Magma (batuan cair panas) keluar dari dalam bumi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Erupsi freatomagmatik<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">: Campuran keduanya\u2014air bertemu magma.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Yang perlu diwaspadai adalah meski erupsi freatik terlihat kecil, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">ledakan uapnya bisa memicu erupsi magmatik yang lebih besar<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">. Getaran dari ledakan freatik bisa membuka jalur bagi magma untuk naik ke permukaan (proses yang disebut <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">vent clearing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">). Inilah bahaya tersembunyi yang sulit diprediksi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 18pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 17pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Lebih Dalam Tentang Mekanisme Freatik: Bagaimana Air Hujan Dapat Memicu Letusan<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Selain kontak langsung antara air hujan dengan batuan panas di permukaan, erupsi freatik juga bisa dipicu oleh proses yang lebih rumit\u2014yaitu ketika sumber panasnya berasal dari dalam bumi yang lebih dalam. Dalam kondisi ini, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">air hujan berperan seperti &#8220;pemicu&#8221; yang mengubah suhu dan tekanan di perut gunung api<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Prosesnya terjadi dalam beberapa tahap:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Gas dan cairan panas dari magma yang terkumpul di ruang tertutup di dalam gunung, menciptakan <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">tekanan yang sangat tinggi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Air hujan yang meresap bertemu dengan cairan panas ini, lalu membentuk <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">endapan mineral<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\"> (seperti belerang) yang menyumbat celah-celah batuan. Akibatnya, cairan panas terjebak dan tekanannya terus naik.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Ketika tekanan sudah terlalu besar, terjadi <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">pelepasan mendadak<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">\u2014seperti tutup panci presto yang terbuka\u2014dan memicu letusan uap air (erupsi freatik).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Jadi <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">tekanan berlebih yang terjebak di dalam gunung adalah penyebab utama erupsi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">, sementara air hujan mempercepat proses tersebut dengan menambah kandungan air yang meresap ke tubuh gunung.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 18pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 17pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Rekaman Video Menunjukkan Urutan Proses Letusan<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Rekaman CCTV erupsi Semeru <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">19 Desember 2023<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\"> memperlihatkan asap putih\u2014tanda adanya uap air\u2014muncul hanya <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">3 detik<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\"> sebelum asap hitam dan awan panas keluar (lihat Gambar 1). Urutan ini menguatkan dugaan bahwa ledakan uap air (letusan freatik) terjadi lebih dulu, baru kemudian diikuti oleh keluarnya material magma. Sayangnya, dugaan ini sulit dibuktikan karena waktunya terlalu singkat dan alat pemantauan belum bisa mendeteksi perubahan yang sangat cepat seperti itu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14595\" src=\"http:\/\/fitb.itb.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/letusan-semeru.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"936\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/letusan-semeru.png 936w, https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/letusan-semeru-300x97.png 300w, https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/letusan-semeru-768x248.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 936px) 100vw, 936px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Urutan letusan Semeru Desember 2023 dari CCTV pemantauan menunjukkan tahapan letusan, mulai dari asap putih (semburan uap) hingga awan panas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 17pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Belajar dari Gunung Semeru untuk Mengurangi Risiko Bencana<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Untuk mengurangi risiko bencana, kita perlu <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">memantau curah hujan<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\"> dan <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">mempelajari bagaimana air bergerak di dalam gunung<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">. Gunung api tropis seperti Semeru tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh magma panas, tetapi juga oleh air hujan yang meresap ke dalam tanah melalui celah-celah batuan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.3900000000000001;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline\">Air yang biasanya menjadi sumber kehidupan, bisa berubah menjadi pemicu bencana jika tidak dipahami dengan baik. Erupsi Semeru mengajarkan kita bahwa bencana tidak hanya disebabkan oleh magma saja, tetapi juga oleh pertemuan antara air, panas, dan struktur gunung api.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-221992d1-7fff-7cbd-8eda-e9d1af91fc1c\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;vertical-align: baseline\">Teknologi pemantauan gunung api harus lebih canggih\u2014tidak hanya memantau aktivitas magma, tetapi juga memantau pergerakan air di dalam gunung. Dengan cara ini, masyarakat yang tinggal di lereng gunung dapat hidup lebih aman. Di negara tropis seperti Indonesia, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline\">air bisa menjadi sahabat sekaligus ancaman<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Aptos;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;vertical-align: baseline\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:saepuloh@itb.ac.id\">saepuloh@itb.ac.id | <\/a>Blog: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asepsaepuloh.com\">www.asepsaepuloh.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pelajaran dari Erupsi Gunung Semeru: Air, Uap Panas, dan Bahaya yang Mengintai Oleh: Dr. Eng. Asep Saepuloh. Gunung Semeru, puncak tertinggi di Pulau Jawa, kembali mengingatkan kita akan kekuatan alam yang tak terduga. Pada 19 November 2025, Semeru meletus dahsyat dengan awan panas guguran meluncur sejauh 13 km ke arah tenggara dan selatan. Kolom abu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1631,"featured_media":14595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[1288,1290,1292,1284,200,1286,1294,1296,1091,1103,1085,1087,1101,1282],"class_list":["post-14593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","tag-erupsi","tag-freatik","tag-freato-magmatik","tag-gunung-api","tag-hidrogeologi","tag-letusan","tag-magmatik","tag-mitigas-bencana","tag-sdg11","tag-sdg13","tag-sdg4","tag-sdg6","tag-sdg9","tag-semeru"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1631"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14593"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14598,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14593\/revisions\/14598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/multisite.itb.ac.id\/fitb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}